utils: add check_binary_linkage function

[alebcay]

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This PR adds Utils::check_binary_linkage, which is a helper-function that is already used in some (primarily Rust-based) formulae.

The function is more or less copied verbatim, except types are loosened to accept String or Pathname. An optional prefix parameter can also be set to change the filtering behavior - this flag really only exists because we have to tweak the filtering behavior a bit in the test. Maybe we can just not do any filtering and that'll be fine - but for now I've kept it as close to the original as possible.

Open to suggestions all around, but I'm a bit extra miffed about:

• Where would be the best place to put this file, and the file name. There didn't appear to be another file in utils that seemed like a good place, so I created a new one.
• The tests still feel a bit clunky to me and I think there's probably room for improvement. Note that we set prefix in invocations to Utils::check_binary_linkage because in the test environment, HOMEBREW_CELLAR is a sibling to HOMEBREW_PREFIX, not a child, so filtering on HOMEBREW_PREFIX will exclude all the libraries in HOMEBREW_CELLAR, unlike in a real Homebrew installation where the cellar is in HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"Cellar".

[MikeMcQuaid]

Looks good to me if suggestion is applied (or similar naming to end in ?). If you're happy to apply suggestion as-is: feel free to merge without a rereview.

[alebcay]

• Renamed the function to binary_linked_to_library?
• Would appreciate some ideas on the test failure. The two added test cases seem to pass locally for me on macOS and in ubuntu22.04 brew container. Looks like the compilation of the test program is failing, but I'm not able to reproduce the failure (or would be helpful to get some verbose/debug output for why the command is failing)